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Digital Society IA - Bibliography, Referencing and Citations

This is a guide for IB DP Digital Society students to help them correctly reference their IA project.


List of References (submitted with the project)

A list of references for materials used in the project must be submitted. Throughout the project, students must clearly distinguish between their words and those of others. To ensure this requirement, students must:

  1. Cite Sources At Point Of Use: cite sources at the point of use with written, visual and/or vocal cues accompanied by a corresponding entry in the list of references.

  2. Provide Two Bibliographies for:

    1. LIST ONE: acknowledge in the list of references, the source of ideas, words and intellectual content quoted or used in the inquiry.

    2. LIST TWO: acknowledge in the list of references audio-visual material, text, graphs, images and/or data used in their work that is not their own.


The intentional failure to comply with requirements in this section may result in an academic integrity violation.


Cite Sources At Point Of Use

Sources used in the inquiry process document and presentation must be briefly cited at the point of use. Citations may be written, visual and/or verbal. Citations should include the following, if known:

  • Surname of author or creator

  • Date of publication.


Two Bibliographies

Where known and appropriate, the following details for sources must be included in the list of references:

  • Surname of author or creator

  • Title of source

  • Date of publication

  • Format of source

  • Page numbers or time codes as applicable

  • URL and date of access for online sources.



Citations in your Digital Society IA MULTIMEDIA PROJECT

Two Aspects to Address:

  1. Cite at the point of use - Sources used in the inquiry process document and presentation must be briefly cited at the point of use. Citations may be written, visual and/or verbal.

  2. Bibliography - two options:

    1. At the end of your multimedia presentation (this is NOT included in your 10min limit) add a screen that directs the audience to your REFERENCE LIST in your "Inquiry Process Document". e.g. view my complete and comprehensive BIBLIOGRAPHY of the ideas/research and for the images, sounds, charts, and visuals used in this multimedia presentation on my "Inquiry Process Document".

    2. At the end of your multimedia presentation (this is NOT included in your 10min limit) add your comprehensive two bibliographies



Formatting your Digital Society IA Inquiry Project

Sources must be references and you must use appropriate headings, labels and captions. Note that these elements do not count as part of the word limit.


Researching your Digital Society IA Inquiry Project

Research creates and validates knowledge about the world around us. It involves considering ethics, using diverse sources and methods, and engaging with the claims and perspectives of sources. Students, with teacher support, must maintain an ethical perspective during research by:

  • ensuring safe and appropriate research, given the school context and the age of students

  • acknowledging the ideas, words and intellectual content taken from or adapted from others

  • engaging with challenging and/or sensitive topics and examples in a responsible manner.


Researchers collect data and information by consulting primary and secondary sources, including:

  • news sources representing a range of perspectives and agendas

  • books, websites, articles and other predominately text-based sources

  • online databases, social media feeds, blogs and posts

  • images, videos, podcasts and other media sources

  • live experiences, such as performances, workshops, lectures and interviews with experts and users.



Claims and Perspectives

A source’s claims and perspectives can be explored through the following overlapping facets.

  • A source’s origin and purpose involves provenance such as where a source comes from, who made it (even if that authorship is hidden or obscured) and why it might have been created in the first place. Origin and purpose can help determine a source’s potential bias as well as its value and limitations for different people and communities.

  • A source’s meaning and methods includes the main ideas of a source as well as the techniques used to support these ideas. Meaning and methods can be explored by considering features such as a source’s words, images, numerical data, graphics and/or the overall design of a source.

  • A source’s corroboration and use involves determining how a source compares and contrasts with other attempts to explain the same topic as well as how a source has been used and circulated by different people, communities and platforms. Corroboration and use can help determine the reliability, verifiability and validity of a source.






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